Potential Insecticidal Effect of a Wasp (<i>Polistes dominulus</i>) and a Bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) Venoms in Controlling <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i>

Cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis, is considered one of the most common arthropod pests that contribute to crop devastation cotton. Previously, agricultural were controlled through application chemical insecticides. However, insecticide-resistant insect populations emergence, as well increasing concerns about environmental and human health risks. Venomous animals introduce valuable sources bioactive compounds which are employed for defence. Some these toxins have high phyletic specificity, making them appropriate use in IPM programs. This study aims test insecticidal effects Polistes dominulus Apis mellifera venoms. Crude venoms examined their effect against cotton worms by four different methods including: dipping, integument dropping, spraying, injection. The data demonstrated a strong response purified (Polistes dominulus) venom at an initial time than honey bee (Apis mellifera) increases with dose interval. A dosage 0.015 - 0.16 ml both had notably varied LD50 values on littoralis showed higher wasp toxicity. more susceptibility mortality sp. bees.